Chloramphenicol

CAS No.: 56-75-7 EINECS: 200-287-4

Molecular Formula: C₁₁H₁₂C_l2N₂O₅ Molecular Weight: 323.13

Molecular Structure:

Property：

The melting point of Chloramphenicol is 149 ºC -153 ºC.The Alpha of Chloramphenicol is 19.5 º (c=6, EtOH).The Water solubility of Chloramphenicol is 2.5 g/L (25 º C).The characters of Chloramphenicol is white,greyish-white or yellowish-white,fine,crystalline powder or fine crystals,needles or elongated plates.

Specifications：

Item	Index
	Melting Point: 149 ºC -153 ºC
Identification	IR
	TLC
	Color Reaction
Acidity or Alkalinity	Meets the requirements
Specific Optical Rotation	+18.5º~+20.5º
Related Substances	Individual Impurity 0.5% max.
Chlorides	0.01% max.
Loss On Drying	0.5% max.
Sulphated Ash	0.1% max.
Assay	98.0%~102.0%

Usage:

The original indication of chloramphenicol was in the treatment of typhoid, but the now almost universal presence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi has meant that it is seldom used for this indication except when the organism is known to be sensitive. Chloramphenicol may be used as a second-line agent in the treatment of tetracycline-resistant cholera.

Because of its excellent BBB penetration (far superior to any of the cephalosporins), chloramphenicol remains the first choice treatment for staphylococcal brain abscesses. Chloramphenicol is also useful in the treatment of brain abscesses due to mixed organisms or when the causative organism is not known.

Chloramphenicol is active against the three main bacterial causes of meningitis: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. In the West, chloramphenicol remains the drug of choice in the treatment of meningitis in patients with severe penicillin or cephalosporin allergy and GPs are recommended to carry intravenous chloramphenicol in their bag. In low income countries, the WHO recommend that oily chloramphenicol be used first-line to treat meningitis.

Chloramphenicol has been used in the U.S. in the initial empirical treatment of children with fever and a petechial rash, when the differential diagnosis includes both Neisseria meningitidis septicaemia as well as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, pending the results of diagnostic investigations.

Chloramphenicol is also effective against Enterococcus faecium, which has led to it being considered for treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus.

Although unpublished, recent research suggests that chloramphenicol could also be applied to frogs to prevent their widespread destruction from fungal infections. Chloramphenicol has recently been discovered to be a life-saving cure for chytridiomycosis in amphibians.[5] Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease, blamed for the extinction of one-third of the 120 frog species lost since 1980.

Package and Storage:

Chytridiomycosis is packed in 25kg fiber drum with shelf life 4 years.

Keyword：

Chloramphenicol ; 2,2-Dichloro-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]acetamide; D-(-)-threo-2,2-Dichloro-N-[beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxy-methyl)-p-nitrophenethyl]acetamide; Chloromycetin